Nouveaux matériaux céramiques fonctionnels

New functional ceramic materials are a class of dielectric materials with electrical, magnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological functions. These ceramic materials have a variety of functions, including ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric, semiconductor, electro-optical and magnetic. They play an important role in modern high-tech fields such as electronic information, integrated circuits, mobile communications, energy technology and defense industry.

The following is a brief introduction to some new functional ceramic materials:

1. Semiconductor materials:

Semiconductor ceramics are polycrystalline ceramic materials molded using ceramic processes. Unlike polycrystalline semiconductors, semiconductor ceramics form a large number of grain boundaries during the sintering process. They are mainly used as sensitive materials, including heat-sensitive materials, voltage-sensitive materials, light-sensitive materials, gas-sensitive materials and moisture-sensitive materials.

2. Magnetic ceramic materials:

Cmainly refers to ferrite ceramics, which is a composite oxide composed of iron oxide and other iron or rare earth oxides. Ferrite has semiconductor properties, the resistivity is much higher than the general metal magnetic materials, so in the field of high-frequency and microwave technology is widely used, such as radar technology, communications technology, space technology and electronic computers.

3. High-temperature superconducting materials:

Refers to functional ceramic materials with high superconducting temperature relative to metals. In recent years, the research and application of high-temperature superconducting ceramic materials has attracted widespread attention, especially in the development of high-current applications, electronics applications and antimagnetism.

4. Insulating materials:

Insulating ceramics are mainly used in electronic equipment for mounting, fixing, supporting, protecting, insulating, isolating and connecting various radio components and devices. Insulating ceramics require high volume resistivity, low dielectric constant, low loss factor, high dielectric strength, corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. Common insulating ceramic applications include circuit substrates, encapsulation, high frequency insulating ceramics and other areas.

5. dielectric ceramics:

Also known as dielectric ceramics, is a class of functional ceramic materials that have the ability to polarize under the action of an electric field and can maintain the electric field in the body for a long time. Dielectric ceramics have high insulation resistance, high withstand voltage, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, high mechanical strength and good chemical stability and other characteristics, mainly used in capacitors and microwave circuit components.

6. Nano-functional ceramics:

This is a class of new ceramic materials applied in the fields of air purification and water treatment, with antibacterial, activation, adsorption, filtration and other functions. They have the release of far-infrared rays, negative ions, photocatalytic antibacterial, deodorization, adsorption, filtration and mineralization functions.

7. piezoelectric ceramics:

Piezoelectric ceramics is a class of functional ceramic materials that can deform or generate an electric charge under an applied electric field or mechanical stress. They have a piezoelectric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect, can be converted into mechanical energy, or in turn will be converted into mechanical energy. Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in sensors, transducers, piezoelectric ceramic motors, acoustic wave devices, electronic oscillators and other fields.

These new functional ceramic materials play an important role in various fields, promoting the development of modern science and technology and the innovation of applications. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the research and application of new functional ceramic materials will be further deepened, bringing more convenience and progress for our life and industry.

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